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Infrastructure Intermediate Also known as: Best Matching 25 · Okapi BM25

BM25

/bee-em twenty-five/

A classic text-search algorithm based on word frequency, with corrections for document length and term rarity.

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In practice

It has powered Elasticsearch, Lucene, and Solr for decades. On exact terms, acronyms, and proper nouns it often beats embeddings. That is why modern RAG pipelines combine BM25 with vector search (hybrid search).

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Seen in the wild

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