DreamBooth
A technique to fine-tune a diffusion model on 3-5 photos of a specific subject (person, product, pet) using a unique text identifier ('a sks dog'). The model 'memorizes' the subject while preserving its general generation ability. It is the foundation of AI portrait apps, product photography generators, and custom image tools. Introduced by Google Research in 2022.
In practice
A product photographer can fine-tune Stable Diffusion with DreamBooth on 5 photos of an object (e.g., a sneaker) and then generate hundreds of shots in different environments without physical photo sets. In practice, it is often combined with LoRA to reduce computational cost: instead of updating all model weights, only low-rank matrices are trained. Tools like kohya_ss or Hugging Face's Diffusers library offer ready-to-use DreamBooth+LoRA scripts.