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Executive / C-suite

The strategic backbone to understand where AI is heading.

You are a CEO, CTO or CIO and you don't have time for every paper, but you do need the map of the moments that reshaped the market and your competitors' strategies. Eight events that explain how we went from an academic curiosity (GPT-3) to a global industry able to move national budgets (Stargate, DeepSeek shock).

  1. 01

    Why it matters to you

    Scaling laws explain why more data and more compute create new capabilities: the foundation of every AI business case of the last five years.

    Landmark Foundation Models

    GPT-3: the paper that opens the scaling-laws era

    OpenAI publishes 'Language Models are Few-Shot Learners' and shows that at 175B parameters a model learns new tasks from a handful of examples in the prompt.
  2. 02

    Why it matters to you

    The moment AI stops being an R&D topic and becomes the fastest consumer product in history: it changes your competitors' calendar.

    Landmark Foundation Models

    ChatGPT: AI lands in everyone's browser

    OpenAI launches ChatGPT, a free conversational interface on GPT-3.5 aligned via RLHF. It crosses one million users in five days.
  3. 03

    Why it matters to you

    The first model good enough to be embedded in mission-critical processes: AI projects move from the lab to the boardroom.

    Landmark Foundation Models

    GPT-4: the reasoning leap that resets the baseline

    OpenAI releases GPT-4, multimodal (text + image), with reasoning, coding, and reliability clearly beyond GPT-3.5. Passes bar, medical, and coding exams.
  4. 04

    Why it matters to you

    OpenAI's platform reveals its ambition to become the AI operating system: useful to read the Microsoft-OpenAI relationship and lock-in risk.

    High Foundation Models

    OpenAI DevDay: GPT-4 Turbo, GPTs, Assistants API in one hour

    At OpenAI's first developer conference: GPT-4 Turbo (128K context, lower prices), GPTs (shareable custom ChatGPTs), Assistants API (managed agents). Product + dev pivot.
  5. 05

    Why it matters to you

    Anthropic becomes a credible frontier competitor: the AI vendor market stops being a monopoly and your negotiating leverage grows.

    Landmark Foundation Models

    Claude 3 (Opus, Sonnet, Haiku): Anthropic surpasses GPT-4

    Anthropic ships the Claude 3 family in three sizes. Opus, the flagship, beats GPT-4 on MMLU, HumanEval, MATH. Native multimodal vision. For the first time GPT-4 is no longer the outright leader.
  6. 06

    Why it matters to you

    The 'DeepSeek shock' shows a Chinese lab can ship frontier models at a fraction of the cost: it forces a rerating of US incumbents.

    Landmark Open Source Models

    DeepSeek-R1: open reasoning matches o1 at 1/30 the cost

    Chinese startup DeepSeek releases R1, a reasoning model with MIT-licensed open weights. Performance on par with OpenAI o1, API pricing $0.55/$2.19 per 1M tokens (vs o1 $15/$60). Nasdaq AI loses $1T in two days.
  7. 07

    Why it matters to you

    A generational leap framed as 'PhD-level on any topic': the new benchmark to plan your product roadmap against.

    Landmark Foundation Models

    GPT-5: OpenAI merges fast and reasoning models into an automatic router

    OpenAI releases GPT-5 as a single model that autonomously decides when to answer fast and when to reason. Family: GPT-5, mini, nano, Pro. Default in ChatGPT, including free tier.
  8. 08

    Why it matters to you

    Frontier AI reshapes pharma and biotech: the clearest example that the economic impact reaches well beyond software.

    Landmark Foundation Models

    AlphaFold 3: from protein structure to all of life's molecular interactions

    DeepMind and Isomorphic Labs publish AlphaFold 3 in Nature: it predicts the structure and interactions of proteins, DNA, RNA, ligands, and ions — vastly extending the domain beyond AlphaFold 2.